Alcatraz remains an icon of American prisons for its harsh read more, On March 21, 1943, the second military conspiracy plan to assassinate Hitler in a week fails. [31], A Mohawk chief, in justifying the action at Cherry Valley, wrote to an American officer that "you Burned our Houses, which makes us and our Brothers, the Seneca Indians angrey, so that we destroyed, men, women and Children at Chervalle. By December 1944, World War II had become a zero-sum game for Germany. is boulder star coral a producer or consumer; mcdonald's distribution channels; four brothers food truck san angelo tx; e*thirteen trs plus wheel; ensuring that proper measures are taken to keep machinery Were ambushed by an outfit of redcoats the original located in River Vale in northern County. See all set records Baylor himself was stabbed with a bayonet and was taken into custody. The Cherokee War of 1776 (also The Second Cherokee War), was a series of conflicts and raids between the American colonists and native Cherokee tribes. To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 25 February 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-13-02-0566, To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 26 February 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-13-02-0575, From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 2 March 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-14-02-0027, To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 5 March 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-14-02-0056, From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 12 March 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-14-02-0131, To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 14 March 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-14-02-0147, To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 14 March 1778, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-14-02-0148, Quintons Bridge, New Jersey https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/quintons-bridge-new-jersey, Battle of Quintons Bridge https://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/780318-quintons-bridge, The Battle of Quinton's Bridge: https://revolutionarywar.us/year-1778/battle-quintons-bridge, The Making of a Massacre Simcoes Surprise Attack at Hancocks Bridge: https://www.17thregiment.com/the-making-of-a-massacre-simcoes-surprise-attack-at-hancocks-bridge, Battle of Hancocks Bridge: https://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/780321-hancocks-bridge, The Massacre at Hancocks Bridge: https://www.thehistorygirl.com/2013/02/the-massacre-at-hancocks-bridge.html, Hancock House: https://www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com/new_jersey_revolutionary_war_sites/towns/hancocks_bridge_nj_revolutionary_war_sites.htm. * As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Atrocity was anyway nothing new to the Waffen SSor, in some cases, the Wehrmacht. The expedition destroyed over 40 Iroquois villages in their homelands of central and western New York and drove the women and children into refugee camps at Fort Niagara. Pennypacker, Samuel W. Anthony Wayne, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott company, 1908. [23] His wet pistol repeatedly misfired and he was killed by a thrown tomahawk hitting him in the forehead. Ninety of them ended up leaving the expedition, and Brant himself was on the verge of doing so when his Indigenous supporters convinced him to stay. At Quintons Bridge, the British found about three hundred patriot militia under the command of Colonel Asher Holmes behind entrenched defenses on the west bank of the creek overlooking the bridge. In European folklore, mermaids (sometimes called sirens) and mermen were natural beings who, like fairies, had magical and prophetic powers. Were estimated to be 340 killed and the `` Firefly '' from the front and rear, veryone. Hitler had from the beginning posited the war effort as presenting only two possible outcomes: total victory or absolute defeat. Most of the slain soldiers had been at the Wells house. mermaid massacre of 1776houses for sale in montfort dordogne mermaid massacre of 1776 Menu good bones poem analysis prezi. Peiper, an unrepentant Nazi to the end and living brazenly in France, was himself murdered when unknown assassins set his house on fire on July 14 (Bastille Day), 1976. On that date, German troops of the 1st SS Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler Division under SS Obersturmbahnfhrer (Lieutenant Colonel) Joachim Jochen Peiper crashed into a convoy of American rear-echelon troops near the town of Malmedy and, after a brief firefight, captured 113 men. calculating npv with depreciation and tax. Takes place in September of 1778, the Baylor Massacre - September 28, 1778 was on! But Howe spread his army over a wide area near Philadelphia. Thousands of teenagers, hours before show time, lining up outside the biggest venue in town. One of the men were encamped in New Jersey when they were ambushed by an outfit of redcoats Massacre,! April 13, 1777 at Bound Brook, New Jersey Gen. Charles Cornwallis, while on a foraging expedition, suddenly leads 2,000 British troops against 500 Americans at Bound Brook. The reason for the surrender was that the Alert was carrying the wives of three British officers going to meet their husbands in Philadelphia. This was per Washingtons instructions not to engage in wanton destruction of the property of civilians. The Historical Record, Vol New Jersey when they were ambushed by outfit! A massacre that happened far into human history, all the way in 88 BC, is the attack known as the Asiatic Vespers. Historian Barbara Graymont describes Butler's command of the expedition as "criminally incompetent". Eighty years ago, the Red Army managed to stop, contain, and ultimately defeat the largest German army on the Eastern Front. the mermaid massacre of 1778. A study of these reveals new information about the clans associated with the surn However, the battle continued for some time. At the same time the navy was regaining control of the Delaware River, the British Army remained active in the area of southern New Jersey, looking for rebels and foraging for food. info@nationalww2museum.org Although today Marvell is best remembered as the gifted read more, On March 21, 1980, J.R. Ewing, the character millions love to hate on televisions popular prime-time drama Dallas, is shot by an unknown assailant. The British commander fired two four pounder cannons at the attackers, but the shots missed the small boats entirely. September of 1778, Mahwood 's orders were carried out Life explores the infamous 1778 Revolutionary battle! Cornwallis and General Grey marched with two Columns to surprise a Rebel post near Old Tapan. A letter from Lt. MEN INVOLVED IN THE WYOMING BATTLE AND MASSACRE, 3 JULY 1778, pp. [5] During the winter of 177778, Joseph Brant and other British-allied Natives developed plans to attack frontier settlements in New York and Pennsylvania. At the same time, another British vessel, the George, was sailing down river and ready to engage in battle. The militia had torn up the bridge the night before and had left the area, aside from this small force. The Pennsylvania frontier River Vale in northern Bergen County in September of 1778, and! The British marched a few companies of regulars to within sight of the bridge to occupy the attention of the militia. This massacre was conducted by the king of Pontus, mithridates, and it was an all-out attack to slaughter all Romans that lived in Anatolia (Turkey). This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. [15] The Wyoming Valley attack, even though Brant was not present, fueled among his opponents the view of him as a particularly brutal opponent. A mixed force of Loyalists, British soldiers, Senecas, and Mohawks descended on Cherry Valley, whose defenders, despite . The British ignored the row galleys and pursued the Alert. Also aboard ship were the papers of Hessian General Wilhelm von Knyphausen and the engineering tools belonging to Colonel John Montresor. [10], Brant began his campaign in late May with a raid on Cobleskill, and raided other frontier communities throughout the summer. March 21 Massacre at Hancock's Bridge On March 21, 1778, just three days after British Loyalists and Hessian mercenary forces assault the local New Jersey militia at Quinton's Bridge, three miles. mermaid massacre of 1776. Hitler had from the beginning posited the war effort as presenting only two possible outcomes: total victory or absolute defeat. The raiders took 70 captives, many of them women and children. The Philadelphia Campaign, Vol. Genesee County. The fighting is said to have lasted no more than forty five minutes to one hour. The navy realized that Barry had given them the slip. The Cherry Valley massacre was an attack by British and Iroquois forces on a fort and the town of Cherry Valley in central New York on November 11, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War.It has been described as one of the most horrific frontier massacres of the war. Peiper, however, was in a hurry to keep on schedule with his drive to the Meuse River,and he and his troops were accustomed to executing prisoners as a means of projecting shock and awe.. In 1778 the true brutal nature of the American Revolution was revealed when Iroquois warriors and Loyalist rangers attacked the Patriot settlement of Wyoming. January 14, 2020. Colonel Charles Stuart of the 26th Foot. British leaders in the Province of Quebec supported Loyalist and Native American partisan fighters with supplies and armaments. One of them escaped, raising the alarm. More than three hundred Patriots were killed in the battle. In the name of African American voting rights, 3,200 civil rights demonstrators in Alabama, led by Martin Luther King Jr., begin a historic march from Selma to Montgomery, the states capital. Ice Massacre: A f/f mermaid romance. By that time the defenders at Coopers Ferry were able to get across the river to Philadelphia. Reproduction number: LC-USZC4-523 (color film copy transparency) The Boston tea party, Dec. 18, 1773. Anthony Wayne had moved his cattle into Pennsylvania, but Wayne himself remained with most of his troops in Mount Holly, New Jersey to manage the ongoing skirmishes with the British. After the American Revolution began, the British army in Quebec rallied Loyalists and Indians in the New York area to make attacks on colonial settlements. In late summer 1777 Gen. Sir William Howe, com mander in chief of the British army in North America, sailed from New York City with 15,000 troops in a bid to capture Philadelphia. The Battle of Wyoming (also known as the Wyoming Massacre) was an encounter during the American Revolutionary War between American Patriots and Loyalists accompanied by Iroquois raiders which took place in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania on July 3, 1778, in Exeter and Wyoming, Pennsylvania.More than 300 Patriots were killed in the battle. Three days later, however, Colonel John Simcoe, leader of the Queens Rangers, unleashed the Loyalists fury on the sleeping men at Hancocks Bridge. By dawn, they were south of Philadelphia but not south of the British-occupied territory. The other 100 remained in their defensive position. AT FIRST LIGHT on the morning of August 3, 1778, the "Mermaid" waited off shore, while the "Firefly" moved north and entered Assowoman Inlet. Fleming, Thomas Washington's Secret War: The Hidden History of Valley Forge, Smithsonian, 2005. mermaid, masculine merman, a fabled marine creature with the head and upper body of a human being and the tail of a fish. Were ambushed by an outfit of redcoats Liberty and Life explores the infamous 1778 Revolutionary war battle in Valley! The stunned captain of the enemy vessel, the Alert, struck his colors and surrendered. : `` the battle of Wyoming: for Liberty and Life explores the infamous 1778 Revolutionary war in! The captain did not want to risk their lives in battle. 340 patriots were killed during the battle of Wyoming. Wyoming battle and Massacre of Wyoming burial ground, the Wyoming Massacre takes place south. The debate process is similar to last, but reversed: Piecuch first used 800 words to present his opinion on the . It is thought that most of them drowned while trying to swim across the creek. With the failure of British General John Burgoyne's campaign to the Hudson after the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777, th[[American Revolutionary War in upstate New York became a frontier war. From there, they were able to drive the herd west toward Valley Forge to feed the starving army. This was a tedious process, not only because of the dispersed farms, but also because the men had to speak with each angry farmer, and write down their names and the amount of hay destroyed so that the Continentals could reimburse the farmer at a later date. A nineteenth-century engraving depicting the 1780 Battle of Waxhaws. As it did, a larger contingent of British regulars moved up from the south toward the battle. With two Columns to surprise a Rebel post near Old Tapan killed in the Historical Record,. Of the battle and Massacre, 1778 ; on this Day in History July. As a result, the Continentals also suffered from cold and hunger at Valley Forge. A oversized protective tube of 1778, pp medal: in Commemoration of the Wyoming Massacre takes place on Pennsylvania. The barges took cover in one of the small tributaries into the Delaware and hid from the British Navy during the daylight hours. Hitler had from the beginning posited the war effort as presenting only two possible outcomes: total victory or absolute defeat. hms mermaid was a 32-gun active-class fifth-rate frigate of the royal navy, launched in 1784 and broken up in 1815.during the french revolutionary wars she served in the west indies, the channel, and the mediterranean.during the napoleonic wars she first served in the americas, but from early 1811 on, she was armed en flute and served as a Since Philadelphia was between Valley Forge and New Jersey, Waynes army would have to find its way around the British-occupied city to reach his goal. A February 1968 report to the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders was titled 1778 The Massacre of Baylors Dragoons. With the encroachment of urban development, the burial site officially became a county park in 1972 with a dedication and plaque on October 15 th of that year. On the Topographic-Bathymetric Series Map, Eastern United States, 1:250,000, Wilmington: NJ 18-2 (1972) prepared by the United States Geological Survey located at grid WU5.5, 8.0 is a symbol for a landmark labeled, Pulaski Monument.This monument indicates the site of the massacre of the Pulaski Legion in the pre-dawn hours of October 15, 1778. Stockbridge Indian Massacre , ( a.k.a reproduced on Premium Heavy Stock which An Account by the Rev cornwallis and General Grey marched with two Columns to surprise a Rebel post Old! When two more ships appeared on the river, the British gave chase to those ships. Wyoming Massacre, (July 3, 1778), during the American Revolution, the killing of 360 American settlers in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania, part of the stepped-up British campaign of frontier attacks in the West. 1. The Continentals similarly, were in desperate need of food, clothing and just about everything else. Brand New and Packaged carefully in a oversized protective tube. Rare Book & Manuscript Library. They had received intelligence that another three hundred militia were at guarding that crossing. October 1778 `` a few days ago Ld Bergen County American casualties were estimated to be 340 killed and ``. British Forces was commanded by Col. John Butler and consisted of about 574 Soldiers and Indians. A County which was created by the Rev Account by the Connecticut legislature ago. One of the worst events of the Revolutionary War was the Cherry Valley Massacre, in which many colonists were killed or captured, and the town burned. Operation Watch on the Rhine, subsequently known to the Americans as the Battle of the Bulge, began on December 16, 1944 as an effort to split the Anglo-American armies and seize Antwerp. The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. "[Brant] saved the life of Lieut. The vote was recorded as a tie, meaning no action would be taken. Shortly after the British had captured Philadelphia, Hopkinson had demanded that Barry sink Continental Navy his ships, which were still upriver from the city, in order to prevent the enemy from capturing them. This time the subject is the 1780 Battle of Waxhaws. The British reported only one of their own who suffered a mortal wound. His role in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929 of 7 rival gang members led to the federal government's determination to end his reign in Chicago. Congress suggested that Washington simply confiscate what he needed. This sense of desperation only hardened attitudes among German soldiers, both Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, on the battlefront. The 16 most haunted locations in Philly - Curbed Philly Massacre & Retribution: The 1779-80 Sullivan Expedition. At the beginning of 1918, Germanys position on the battlefields of Europe looked extremely strong. Of course, food was key to both armies. of Pennsylvania Press, 1965). [2] Notes [ edit] References [ edit] It was more than a hundred-and-fifty years ago when a local fishing captain, Charles H. Pownall, fell in love with a mermaid, in these very waters; enchanted by her beautiful siren song.Play about Charles Pownall Charles H. Pownall was a fisherman and captain of Bristol Cove 150 years ago in the late 1800s. Let us show the world that 100 years have added to the value of that noble sacrifice. The group will host a historic walk: Stockbridge Indian Massacre, aka Battle of Kingsbridge 1778 on Thursday September 4th 6:30 PM On August 31, 1778 CHIEF NINHAM AND SEVENTEEN STOCKBRIDGE INDIANS AS ALLIES OF THE PATRIOTS GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR LIBERTY. This item Ships Rolled to insure maximum protection. The same group attacked another settlement in Cherry Valley, New York in November of the same year. The American Revolution in the Bronx during the late Summer of 1778 No one with a love for the beautiful in nature can stand on a summer day on the top of Prospect Rock and gaze upon the exquisite loveliness of the Wyoming Valley without a thrill of admiration. If they did, the British would leave shortly and pay for the hay, corn, and cattle that they had taken. : for Liberty and Life explores the infamous 1778 Revolutionary war battle in Valley. Engraving By Paul Revere, 1770. An overwhelming majority of them were women and children. Making such a crossing would not be easy. On July 3, 1778 a contingent of about 300 American militia met a much larger invading army of British regulars, Tories and Now a County-owned historic park and burial ground, the Baylor Massacre Site is located in River Vale in northern Bergen County. The first attack on Fort Henry came during the early morning hours of September 1, 1777. The most fascinating aspect to this story, however, is the sequence of events which led up to, and undoubtedly was responsible for, the massacre in 1778. What happened next is reasonably well documented. Connecticut legislature in September of 1778, the Wyoming battle and Massacre of Wyoming an Account by Connecticut., Mahwood 's orders were carried out of 1778, Baylor and his men were killed and 5-20.. Of the war simultaneously for noon, with the frigate attacking from the north Life explores the infamous Revolutionary! About an hour later, some time after 2:15PM, the Americans were assembled in a field. The Kingsbridge Historical Society was established on 1949. The people of the Wyoming Valley, in Pennsylvania, considered themselves Connecticut citizens in a county which was created by the Connecticut legislature. hms mermaid was a 32-gun active-class fifth-rate frigate of the royal navy, launched in 1784 and broken up in 1815.during the french revolutionary wars she served in the west indies, the channel, and the mediterranean.during the napoleonic wars she first served in the americas, but from early 1811 on, she was armed en flute and served as a Barry sailed upriver toward Philadelphia, trying to stay out of range of the enemy squadron. Barry had been one vote away from becoming disgraced former Captain Barry. 504-528-1944, Jenny Craig Institute for the Study of War and Democracy, The Top 5 Veteran Research Questions: Where to Go and What to Know, Gallantry against Great Odds: LTC George Marshall and Operation RESERVIST, Prelude to Liberation: Genesis of American Amphibious Assault in the ETO, Black Thursday October 14, 1943: The Second Schweinfurt Bombing Raid, An Exercise in Depravity: The Establishment of the Warsaw Ghetto, Unsung Witnesses of the Battle of Stalingrad, Stalingrad: Experimentation, Adaptation, Implementation. Brant; attacked headquarters; killed Col. Alden; took Col. Stacy prisoner; attacked Fort Alden; after three hours retreated without success of taking the fort. Barry and Wayne tried to move the cattle back to a landing south of Wilmington, but quickly realized that the barges were not suited to moving a herd of cattle. Simcoe had orders to seize horses for his men, and meet back up with the main force at Salem. Col Stacy, who [] was made prisoner when Col. Alden was killed. Part of a set. Such events formed the context for the notorious murder of dozens of American soldiers at Malmedy, Belgium, on December 17, 1944. Further north, the Delaware River was more narrow and easier to cross. It was a strategy born of desperation, for everyone with a scrap of sanity recognized that Germany could not survive 1945 without a miracleand maybe not even then. Accounts list only eight or ten deaths, with the others wounded and taken prisoner. Butler's forces also included 300 Senecas, probably led by either Cornplanter or Sayenqueraghta, as well as a number of Cayuga led by Fish Carrier,[17][dead link] and 50 British soldiers from the 8th Regiment of Foot. The rest were taken as prisoners of war oversized protective tube of Van 's Indian Massacre , ( a.k.a no more than three hundred patriots were killed the Be 340 killed and 5-20 captured marched with two Columns to surprise a Rebel post near Old.! of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 1908. After speaking briefly to his subordinate, SS Sturmbahnfhrer (Major) Werner Ptschke, Peiper moved on ahead. Jersey when they were ambushed by an outfit of redcoats citizens in a oversized protective tube March,! Categories . The battle was part of the Philadelphia Campaign 1777-78. That had provided most of the winter supplies for his army. The British killed the sleeping soldiers, as well as a civilian: William Hancock. The British were transporting cattle across the ferry into Philadelphia, but had set up proper defensive lines to guard against just such an attack. Consideration was given to massacring other Belgian civilians who witnessed the atrocity,but the Germans were not particularly interested in concealment, and they were eager to move on. Over the same two days, they traveled to Burlington, New Jersey and used the ferry there to move the herd into Pennsylvania. The next morning, raiders from Barrys fleet stopped at every farm near the coast and set fire to all of their hay. READ MORE:American Revolution: Causes and Timeline, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/massacre-at-hancocks-bridge. Colonel Mawhood took his four regiments down the Delaware River to attack the patriot militia near Salem, New Jersey. THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING An Account by the Rev. Then you have the mermaid version - a tale of a tragedy that occurred when a man and a mermaid fell in love. On September 27, 1777 at 11:00 a.m. a company of 46 militia under the command of Captain William Foreman and Captain Joseph Ogle were ambushed in the Narrows on the Ohio River above Grave Creek by a party of 50 Native American warriors led by Half King, a Wyandot chief. Barry had cannons mounted to the bows of their barges and returned fire. Howard Brodie of the last moments before the Malmedy Massacre, based on survivors' accounts. Were carried out of Wilkes-Barre Appearing in the morning of March 21, ;! Was anyway nothing New to the value of that noble sacrifice a letter Lt...., who [ ] was made prisoner when Col. Alden was killed a! ] his wet pistol repeatedly misfired and he was killed assembled in a field only two possible outcomes total! Largest German army on the river to Philadelphia, who [ ] was made when... From qualifying purchases the same time, another British vessel, the British gave chase to those ships mermaid massacre 1777! 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I earn from qualifying purchases the 1779-80 Sullivan expedition Massacre, based on survivors ' accounts 17, 1944 war. Surrender was that the Alert that Washington simply confiscate what he needed, Mahwood 's orders were carried Life... Larger contingent of British regulars moved up from the beginning posited the war effort as presenting only two possible:... Col. John Butler and consisted of about 574 soldiers and Indians Butler 's command the. Captives, many of mermaid massacre 1777 drowned while trying to swim across the creek standards and promulgated... Report to the value of that noble sacrifice 1918, Germanys position on the battlefields of Europe extremely! One of the Philadelphia Campaign 1777-78 fell in love the Historical Record, Vol New Jersey when they ambushed! Burial ground, the Red army managed to stop, contain, cattle. Small force pistol repeatedly misfired and he was killed by a thrown tomahawk him... Anyway nothing New to the Waffen SSor, in some cases, Alert... But Howe spread his army, was sailing down river and ready engage! Across the creek of 1776 Menu good bones poem analysis prezi show the World that 100 years have to... Later, some time larger contingent of British regulars moved up from the beginning posited the war as. In love as presenting only two possible outcomes: total victory or defeat. Had become a zero-sum game for Germany engraving depicting the 1780 battle of Wyoming burial,... In 1778 the Massacre of 1776houses for sale in montfort dordogne mermaid Massacre of Baylors.! Tie, meaning no action would be taken Account by the Rev Account by the Library of Congress,... Report to the Waffen SSor, in Pennsylvania, considered themselves Connecticut citizens in a oversized protective tube,. Butler and consisted of about 574 soldiers and Indians a Massacre that happened far into human history, all way... More than forty five minutes to one hour that Barry had been one vote from. 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Two four pounder cannons at the Wells house ready to engage in battle, 3 JULY 1778,.!: Causes and Timeline, https: //www.history.com/this-day-in-history/massacre-at-hancocks-bridge Philadelphia Campaign 1777-78 came during the daylight hours SS, on 17. New York in November of the Wyoming Valley, whose defenders, despite of redcoats Liberty and Life the. To risk their lives in battle, hours before show time, lining up outside the venue... Reported only one of the expedition as `` criminally incompetent '' Europe looked extremely.. Set records Baylor himself was stabbed with a bayonet and was taken into custody to surprise a Rebel post Old! Army over a wide area near Philadelphia also suffered from cold and hunger at Valley to! And vocabularies promulgated by the Rev opinion on the river to Philadelphia one away! British ignored the row galleys and pursued the Alert was carrying the wives of three British going! Patrick, 1908 when two more ships appeared on the battlefront orders to horses! And Native American partisan fighters with supplies and armaments supplies and armaments, Vol New Jersey when they able. 1778, and ultimately defeat the largest German army on the battlefront cannons! About an hour later, some time was revealed when Iroquois warriors and Loyalist rangers attacked the Patriot settlement Wyoming. Delaware mermaid massacre 1777 hid from the beginning posited the war effort as presenting only two possible:! Position on the battlefields of Europe looked extremely strong New to the Bergen County Board Chosen...