But, initially, a central strand in this debate concerned whether street gangs actually existed at all. The lowest proportion of male homicides was in the White ethnic group (65%). Functionalist. Stop and search rate per 1,000 people, and number of stop and search incidents, by ethnicity. Figure 5.02: Proportions of convictions for all ethnicities, by offence groups, 2020, England and Wales. Asian offenders had a longer ACSL for drug offences compared to all other ethnic groups, which ranged from 31.8 to 39.8 months. A higher proportion of White offenders had a long history of offending, 35% of White offenders had 15 or more previous convictions or cautions, compared to Black offenders at 26%, Asian offenders at 16% and Chinese or Other at 9%, for adults [footnote 67]. Our Business & Enterprise Products. However, the proportion of prosecutions for these offences varies by ethnicity, as illustrated in the figure below. Where there are differences between groups that are statistically significant this will be stated. The relationship between the homicide victim and principal suspect[footnote 19] varied across ethnic groups. There were 292 (15%) victims in the Black, 147 (8%) in the Asian and 107 (5%) in the Other ethnic groups[footnote 17]. Location: England and Wales. Other young offenders had the lowest proportion recorded as persistently absent at 66%. , A first-time offender is an offender who has been arrested by the police in England and Wales and has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence recorded on the Police National Computer. * Production, supply, intent to supply (Class B). Figure 7.01: Proportion of prosecutions for Indictable offences by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. Of all children sentenced to immediate custody in the last 5 years, White children had the shortest ACSL at 16.8 months and Mixed children had the longest ACSL at 21.1 months. , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. Since 2015/16 there have been statistically significant decreases in reports of victims of crimes seen in the Black (from 7 to 4%) and Asian (from 4 to 2%) ethnic groups. When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group. 1 Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.; 2 The ethnicity totals are representative of those agencies that provided ethnicity breakdowns. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Cases where ethnicity was not known have not been included in this commentary. Principal suspects in homicides with all other ethnicities were most likely to be a stranger (Black 43%, Asian 28%, Other 65%). This goes against the trend from 2016 where the numbers of prosecutions had been rising each year for all ethnic groups except Black. In contrast, despite White prisoners making up 73% of the entire prison population, only 47% of prisoners aged under 18 were White. , A determinate sentence is for a fixed period of time, and differs from indeterminate sentences that have a minimum fixed period, known as a tariff, that must be served before release is considered by the parole board. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. 13.2% of the UK prison population is black compared with their being 2.8% of the over 15 population. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. It is important to note that for the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. , Detailed results of the survey can be found in table 6.06 in the tables document published alongside this report. The total number of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) decreased by 21% between 2016/17 and 2020/21; this decrease was relatively consistent across most ethnic groups. For more information on stop and search legislation, please see the accompanying guidance document. In this chapter, those conducted under section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have been combined[footnote 22]. Differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation but should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. The greatest increase in custody rate was seen in the White ethnic group, increasing from 29% to 35%, and Mixed ethnic groups (28% to 35%)[footnote 43]. in year ending March 2021, there were 124,091 hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales; of which there were 92,052 race hate crimes, 6,377 religious hate crimes, 18,596 sexual . There was a greater number of male than female homicide victims in all ethnic groups. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Over the past 5 years, custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups. The ACSL for possession of weapons offences fell by 41%, between 2016 and 2020, for Asian offenders and 23% Black offenders. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. In comparison, the proportion of adults from ethnic minority groups sentenced to custody has remained stable at 20% between 2016 and 2020. * Possession (Class B, excluding cannabis) In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. In response to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, interviews were suspended two weeks early in March 2020. In previous publications we have made comparisons to the population using 2011 Census data. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. A higher proportion of Mixed ethnicity offenders received a release result (61%), in contrast with a lower proportion of Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders (47%)[footnote 56]. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups. This builds on work to improve the 2016 admin-based ethnicity statistics. This contrasts with the proportion of pupils in the overall population where 14% are eligible for FSM. Of the 63,100 offenders supervised on post release licence in 2020[footnote 61], the proportions across ethnic groups remained in line with that of the previous 5 years, 76% were White, 11% Black, 7% Asian, 4% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnicities. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. Asian prisoners, on average, served the smallest proportion of their original sentence, serving 58% of their determinate sentence in custody in 2020; a trend that has remained stable since 2016. High levels of missing ethnicity data would be of concern, both in terms of sample sizes and the risk of systematic bias. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 academic year of 2013/14, 2014/15, known to be eligible for Free School Meals by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.2 and Impact Indicator 3.8)[footnote 74], Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 75]. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. Billy Gazard, a crime statistician for the ONS, said: "We have outlined our plans for improving crime statistics for England and Wales in our July 2020 progress update. This section focusses on disaggregating the outcomes that are a result of a professional judgement (i.e. The ACSL, for indictable offences, for male offenders has increased over the last five years for all ethnic groups. , Data from 2019/20 for the Asian (or Asian British) ethnic group includes people who identify as Chinese. Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. A fine was the most common outcome for all ethnic groups, except for the Chinese or Other group, where immediate custody was higher. The location in which a homicide was committed showed marked differences between ethnic groups. . The identification of differences should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. Similarly, a higher proportion of Black young offenders (83%) had been recorded as being suspended, compared to White (79%), Asian (74%) and Other (74%) offenders[footnote 80]. Black and minority ethnic (BAME) households in the UK are over twice as likely to live in poverty as their white counterparts . Figure 8.04: Proportion of prosecutions for selected drug offences, by ethnicity, 2020, England and Wales. The arrest statistics have remained stable over time, with 77% of arrests being made of white people, 10% black and 7% Asian in 2018. Principal suspects in homicides with White victims were most likely to be a friend/acquaintance (29%). Time period: 2013/14 to 2015/16 (3 years combined) Source: Of defendants prosecuted for sexual offences at Crown Court, Black defendants were more likely to be remanded in custody. They include statistics on: Victims of crime, Police activity (stops and searches, and arrests), In 2020, White offenders had an ACSL of 19.6 months in comparison with 26.8 for Black offenders, 28.6 for Asian offenders, and 24.4 for offenders of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Under the Criminal Justice Act 1991, section 95, the government collects annual statistics based on race and crime. 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