"These documents remained classified for nearly a century until recent advancements in technology made it possible to release them," CIA Director Leon E. Panetta said. A selection of excerpts was distributed to the press at that time. In the event of a Russian invasion of Alaska, the FBI and U.S. Air Force had a plan: makeordinary, average Alaskans into federal agentlike spies that could report back to Washington and survive in hiding from the enemy. The Soviet Union was more aggressive in forcibly recruiting more than 2,200 German specialistsa total of more than 6,000 people including family memberswith Operation Osoaviakhim during one night on October 22, 1946.". [2] The proposals were rejected by John F. Kennedy. [66] Mdecins Sans Frontires criticized the CIA for endangering and undermining trust in medical workers[67] and The New York Times reported that the CIA's action had increased resistance to vaccination programs in Pakistan. Known to the public as the U.S. Air Forces Discoverer program, the classified CORONA project operated during the height of the Cold War to collect pictures over the denied areas of eastern Europe and Asia. 3. It refers to the study of an assortment of mind-altering substances described as follows:[37], The 1976 Church Committee report found that, in the MKDELTA program, "Drugs were used primarily as an aid to interrogations, but MKULTRA/MKDELTA materials were also used for harassment, discrediting or disabling purposes. The proposed purchase aimed to stop other countries from controlling the supply. [24], Other related cryptonyms include Project MKNAOMI and Project MKDELTA. [13][54], At the invitation of Stanford psychology graduate student Vik Lovell, an acquaintance of Richard Alpert and Allen Ginsberg, Ken Kesey volunteered to take part in what turned out to be a CIA-financed study under the aegis of MKUltra,[55] at the Menlo Park Veterans' Hospital[56][57] where he worked as a night aide. The CIA wanted to verse itself in this type of "mind control" to be able to recognize and use it in case of a conflict with the USSR. CORONA video on CIA YouTube Channel [41], CIA documents suggest that they investigated "chemical, biological, and radiological" methods of mind control as part of MKUltra. The Most Astonishing Declassified Military and CIA Secrets A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. . [70] Their experiences and lawsuit were adapted in the 1998 television miniseries The Sleep Room. The Gateway Process was explained in a report completed in 1983, revealing scientific evidence of how to produce states of expanded human consciousness. [29] In some cases, academic researchers were funded through grants from CIA front organizations but were unaware that the CIA was using their work for these purposes. The articles and internet postings by The Washington Post and The Guardian included classified documents that were marked TOP SECRET. Substances which produce physical disablement such as paralysis of the legs, acute anemia, etc. While the government admitted it was, at that time, drugging people without their consent, U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel found Ritchie could not prove he was one of the victims of MKUltra or that LSD caused his robbery attempt and dismissed the case in 2005. Later admitting to the wiretapping, the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded. [4] The E14 bomb and E23 bomb, which could be clustered into the E86 cluster bomb and E77 bomb, respectively. Since CIA has no domestic police authority, it sends its analytic information to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other law enforcement organizations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (OFAC). [12] The program engaged in illegal activities,[13][14][15] including the use of U.S. and Canadian citizens as unwitting test subjects. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Materials and physical methods which will produce amnesia for events preceding and during their use. [39], In 2014, The New York Times reported that "In the decades after World War II, the C.I.A. The CIA has been called into question for, at times, using torture, funding and training of groups and organizations that would later participate in killing of civilians and other non-combatants and would try or succeed in overthrowing democratically elected governments, human experimentation, and targeted killings and assassinations. [80][81], In Canada, the issue took much longer to surface, becoming widely known in 1984 on a CBC news show, The Fifth Estate. In some countries, "preparing" for Soviet invasion included espionage and the hoarding of ammunitions. The CIA has also been accused of a lack of financial and whistleblower controls which has led to waste and fraud. Declassified documents related to NATO's stay-behind armies are accessible via The Black Vault, a website that makes declassified documents available to the public. "[42]:365. [8][9], MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke. [60] According to Stephen Kinzer, Olson had approached his superiors some time earlier, doubting the morality of the project, and asked to resign from the CIA. The children were required to undergo frequent and harsh mental health assessments for which there was no informed consent. The mission followed an earlier program, known as Project Sign, which published a report in early 1949 stating that while some UFOs seemed to be actual aircraft, there was not enough data to determine their origins. The NRO History Archive also contains a detailed collection of CORONA history, imagery and other related materials. Substances which increase the efficiency of mentation and perception. [2], Operation Top Hat was termed a "local field exercise" by the Army and took place from September 1519, 1953 at the Army Chemical School at Fort McClellan, Alabama. The aim was to find drugs that would bring out deep confessions or wipe a subject's mind clean and program them as "a robot agent. The flying discshaped vehicle was supposed toreach speeds of Mach 4;an altitude of 100,000 feet; and have a range of over 1,000 nautical miles. The Central Intelligence Agency, better known simply as the CIA, has inspired fear, suspicion, and curiosity ever since its official formation in 1947. "[37], Several investigations led by the Church Committee, Rockefeller Commission and Pike Committee have been conducted about the CIA, and many documents have been declassified. Stanley. [58] "The agency has not discussed publicly the nature of the effort, which remains classified," said agency spokesman Paul Gimigliano. The tests were designed to reveal information about the dispersal of yellow fever mosquitoes in an urban area. [19] MKUltra's scope was broad, with activities carried out under the guise of research at more than 80 institutions aside from the military,[20] including colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, and pharmaceutical companies. In December 2021, radio documentarian Per Wennick discovered 36 boxes of MKUltra records stored at a psychiatric center in a Copenhagen suburb, but when he asked for access, the center shredded the records, in violation of Danish law. [90] The case was dismissed in July 2013, due in part to the 1976 settlement between the family and government. CORONA was created by a small group of CIA, Air Force and private industry experts who were tasked with finding a way to provide broad imagery coverage of the USSR to identify missile launch sites and production facilities. [3], The E14 was designed to hold 100,000 fleas and the E23 was designed to hold 200,000 fleas but the E23 failed in over half of the preliminary Big Itch tests. One subject of army drug experimentation, James Stanley, an army sergeant, brought an important, albeit unsuccessful, suit. The Office of Transnational Issues[43] applies unique functional expertise to assess existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security and provides the most senior U.S. policymakers, military planners, and law enforcement with analysis, warning, and crisis support. [64] The barbiturates were released into the person first, and as soon as the person began to fall asleep, the amphetamines were released. The brakes were put on the project in 1961. A cache of some 20,000 documents survived Helms's purge, as they had been incorrectly stored in a financial records building and were discovered following a FOIA request in 1977. Later admitting to the wiretapping, the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded. [87] A few days before his death, Frank Olson quit his position as acting chief of the Special Operations Division at Detrick, Maryland (later Fort Detrick) because of a severe moral crisis concerning the nature of his biological weapons research. In the 1960s, the U.S. Army launched a secret program to build mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. Substances which will promote illogical thinking and impulsiveness to the point where the recipient would be discredited in public. The order stipulated that all the imagery would be declassified immediately upon transfer and be made available to the public. Materials which will produce the signs and symptoms of recognized diseases in a reversible way so they may be used for malingering, etc. Stanislaw Stankiewicz was a member of the ABN Central Committee. The accusations also crossed the Atlantic to the British intelligence services, which also were damaged by molehunts. Cameron died on September 8, 1967, after suffering a heart attack while he and his son were mountain climbing. President Harry Truman launched this top-secret program after World War II to recruit scientists who had worked for Nazi Germany to develop stuff for the good guys. Many were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party. [58] The project studied the effects of psychoactive drugs, particularly LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, AMT and DMT on people. The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7, dated from 20132016, included details on the CIA's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise cars, smart TVs,[81] and web browsers, including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Opera,[82][83] as well as the operating systems of most smartphones including Apple's iOS and Google's Android, and other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. It's not that long, but it wants to be read in small slices because it's a lot of information to digest. [34], One 1955 MKUltra document gives an indication of the size and range of the effort. Thanks to the Intelligence Communitys persistence, CORONA resulted in one of the largest declassification projects in American history. Although the government aggressively, and sometimes successfully, sought to avoid legal liability, several plaintiffs did receive compensation through court order, out-of-court settlement, or acts of Congress. CORONA: Americas first Satellite Program (PDF 18.43MB) The Central Intelligence Agency today declassified the United States Government's six oldest classified documents, dating from 1917 and 1918. Lessons Spanning Half A Century", part F. Hallucinogens, "Family Statement on the Murder of Frank Olson", "Lawsuit by family of drugged Detrick employee dismissed", "CIA Cover-Up Suit Over Scientist's Fatal Fall Dismissed", "Pont-Saint-Esprit poisoning: Did the CIA spread LSD? In 1977, during a hearing held by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, to look further into MKUltra, Admiral Stansfield Turner, then Director of Central Intelligence, revealed that the CIA had found a set of records, consisting of about 20,000 pages,[78] that had survived the 1973 destruction orders because they had been incorrectly stored at a records center not usually used for such documents. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). Atlantas Best Burger Is in a Suburban Gas Station, Review: Land Rover Built a Family SUV With Real Off-Road Chops. Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help. In one case, seven volunteers in Kentucky were given LSD for seventy-seven consecutive days. Government and military secrets can range from terrifying to amusing to downright absurd, but most are nothing short of intriguing. Declassified MKUltra documents indicate they studied hypnosis in the early 1950s. CORONA also had sister programs: ARGON for mapping imagery and LANYARD, a short-lived program designed for higher-quality imagery. This accusation was based on the CIA Director's earlier denials of Senator Dianne Feinstein's claims that the surreptitious CIA search of the SSCI computers occurred, was inappropriate, or "violated the separation of powers principles embodied in the United States Constitution, including the Speech and Debate clause" or other laws. [5], The Soviet Union also contributed greatly to the motivation for this project; according to CIA director Allen Dulles, fear of "Soviet brain perversion techniques" was palpable. Substances which promote weakness or distortion of the eyesight or hearing faculties, preferably without permanent effects. [21], The congressional committee investigating the CIA research, chaired by Senator Frank Church, concluded that "prior consent was obviously not obtained from any of the subjects." "U.S. vets say there were human guinea pigs | ABC7 San Francisco | abc7news.com". "The CIA recognizes the importance of opening these historical documents to the public," said Joseph Lambert, the Agency's Director of Information Management Services. Dubbed Operation Crossroads, the test Just what kinds is still classified. Since he realized there was a difference in testing the drug in a laboratory and using it in clandestine operations, he initiated a series of experiments where LSD was given to people in "normal" settings without warning. Based on results from monitoring equipment at 43 locations around the city, the Army determined that San Francisco had received enough of a dose for nearly all of the city's 800,000 residents to inhale millions of particles each day during the week of spraying. 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