[57], When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. I will not obey your order. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. [84] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[87] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. [3][84] When survivors of the massacre reached Far West, the reports of the savagery of the attack played a significant part in the decision of the Mormons to surrender. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. You can also get a slight stat buff from the equipment investments. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three "Mormon Wars". [108] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. [118], Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggsno longer governor, but campaigning for state senatewas attacked by an election opponent. . [71] According to one Mormon witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place".[72]. 10 Most Important Things You Can Say to a Mormon (The) 10 Questions & Answers on Mormonism [pamphlet] 41 Unique Teachings of the LDS Church; 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (The) 3,913 Changes in the Book of Mormon; A. Adam is God? Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Missourians. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. [73] Generals Atchison, Doniphon and Parks decided they needed to call out the Militia to "prevent further violence". Sheriff J.H. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri.During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War.There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. [65], Local citizens were outraged by the actions of the Danites and other Mormon bands. The Battle of Crooked River was a skirmish between Latter Day Saint (Mormon) forces and Missouri state militia unit from southeast of Elmira, Missouri in Ray County under the command of Samuel Bogart. [55] The Missourians and their families, outnumbered by the Mormons, made their way to neighboring counties. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. [26], The "Election Day Battle at Gallatin" was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. There was scarcely a Missourian's home left standing in the county. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. [4] All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City. Once there, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting in Daviess County. The Mormons believedafter a revelation recorded on June 6, 1831that if they were righteous they would inherit the land held by others ("which is now the land of your enemies") in Missouri. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, "Mormonism. The conflict expanded to involve state officials, including the governor, and resulted in the incarceration of Joseph Smith and the forced expulsion of the . With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. [74], While the State Militia gathered, Missouri unorganized Militia continued to act on their own, driving Mormons inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. [89] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[92] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. [12], At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . [117] Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion especially of the alleged failed assassination attempt by Orrin Porter Rockwell of the Mormon Danites. "[82][83][84] List Price: $35.00. [106], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. (Rockwood, Journal, 11 Nov. 1838, CHL.) The state militia broke ranks and fled across the river. Mike Vago. [4] On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. [53][55] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became its new headquarters. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. Atchison said further, "I would respectfully suggest to your Excellency the propriety of a visit to the scene of excitement in person, or at all events, a strong proclamation" as the only way to restore peace and the rule of law. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. The Mormons were evicted from Jackson County in 1833 and resettled in new counties nearby, where tensions grew again and attempts to evict them resumed. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." [48], The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. 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