The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. The majorcontrols determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. This happens because the MT-CLIM algorithms VIC incorporates infer an overly large positive trend in atmospheric moisture content in this region, likely due to an underestimate of the effect of increasing aridity on RH. 2010; Simane et al. Observed Data Barley, bean and chickpea show significant correlation with maximum temperature. The issues of global warming and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries (Parry 2007; Solomon 2007; Liang et al. The Physiographic Divisions of Ethiopia, 3.3. These are: i. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % of annual and seasonal rainfall (19802014). Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. After total observation of the 35-year period, a record 16 years (45.7%) were lower than the total annual rainfall of the area. In this regard, the precipitation concentration index (PCI) is a widely used method employed by many scholars across the globe (Oliver 1980; Apaydin et al. Although atmospheric moisture content increases, this is more than compensated for by higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH. Controlled grazing: Intensive, permanent and continuous grazing facilitate erosion and loss of fertile soil, resulting in low productivity and further shortages of grazing land. The High altitudesand the windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. The results from the coefficient of variations shown in Table2 revealed that in comparison with the kiremit rainfall season, during the bega and belg seasons rainfall varies considerably more. As presented in Table3, the Sen's slope estimator indicates an upward trend in four stations and a downward trend in three stations for annual rainfall. Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were . Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. The reduction in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards. The findings of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. Therefore, increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to a prolonged increase in climatic variability. 5.3.2. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. (2011) and Manandhar et al. It is shown that the MT-CLIM meteorological algorithms used by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model, when driven by daily T min , T max , and precipitation (a configuration used in numerous published studies), do not preserve the original global model's humidity trends. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. Search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and Climate Change (2019) 10 (4): 799817. (2011), adaptation strategies are an important mechanism for managing climatic change and variability. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. The problem is high in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the population live on rainfed agriculture. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. Mixed crop-livestock is the production system of the area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the majority of the population. The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. Additionally, studies of rainfall and temperature variations in larger areas would in general be of little use for local level agricultural production (Gebre et al. Our analyses demonstrate that there will be an increase in precipitation intensity and a decrease in frequency over Zambia from the middle of the 21st century. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May and June. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. During thisseason, Ethiopia and the Horn come under the influence of the Equatorial Westerlies (Guineamonsoon) and Easterlies.Hence, the Guinea monsoon and the South easterly winds areresponsible for the rain in this season.ii. Therefore, it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate change in the Basin. Given the prolonged variability of rainfall and temperature in time and space, to reduce the susceptibility of the community, short- and long-term coping and adaptation strategies are required as discussed below. The variation inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the year. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. The annual maxima of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase. The aim of this study was to evaluate climate variability and characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological droughts using a merged satellite-gauge rainfall across the major agroecological zones (AEZs) of the rift valley lakes basin. The Geological Time Scale and Age Dating Techniques, 2.4. Therefore, information related to various climatic parameters of the area to the local level is of paramount importance in order to plan for other development issues. Overall, the five years moving average trend of average annual temperature of the study watershed is increasing by about 0.95 C. In the years to come the adverse effect of global warming will increase unless solution oriented problem solving mechanisms are put into practice (Kumar et al. Soil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. Improving awareness about climatic variability and its adverse implications for their environment enables farmers to modify their resources and management practices and make efficient use of available water for better crop production. In the rainfall distribution during belg and kiremit it was found that there was a moderate concentration of precipitation throughout the seasons, which shows that there is no uniform distribution, whereas during the bega season a significant change in the PCI was shown, thus the concentration of precipitation is increasing and rainfall has become more erratic. During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. 2014). Ethiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. As shown in Figure2, during the period 19802014 the seasonal rainfall trend of the Beressa watershed for the kiremit season shows less rainfall variability throughout the study periods. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, while simulated historical and future climate data were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) datasets under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5. Abstract: Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. Moving average rainfall and temperature can be obtained by using the following equation: Inverse distance weighted interpolation methods (IDW) have been used in order to analyse annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity. 2012). There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years. How can we respond to the changing climate? Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. The correlation between rainfall during the months of MaySeptember and crops has a positive relationship, except in the cases of beans, peas and chickpeas, which are inversely correlated with rainfall during the month of June. These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. On the other hand, 19 years (54.3%) recorded more than the annual average rainfall. Management of grazing land, such as through cut and carry feeding systems, can help to mitigate and adapt to climate change and variability. Both duration and amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards. They are limited to the lowlands in the peripheries.Away from the peripheries the land begins to rise gradually and considerably, culminating inpeaks in various parts of the country. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions. By comparison, time series of temperature indices show decreases in the intra-annual extreme temperature range and total number of frost days, as well as increases in warm nights. The changes in the mean of hydrologic states and fluxes by the end of the 21st century are statistically robust, whereas changes in the variance are not found to be statistically significant. During the belg (small rainy) season the subdivision indicates a slightly increasing rainfall trend and the bega season (dry season) shows a negative trend, as already presented in Figure2. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. The present results are in agreement with Parry (2007), who stated that due to a prolonged increase in the emission of gases through human activities and expansion of industry, the surface temperature has increased by about 1 C. This statistical test is a popular and important tool in detecting the trend used by many other scholars for related applications (Hirsch et al. The magnitude of the linear trends is estimated using the Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall's test is performed to check the statistical significance of the trends. 2015). The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. Previous Topic. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. Autumn (September, October and November)Autumnis the season of the year between summer and winter. Livelihoods diversification and employment opportunity: Biological and physical soil and water conservation structures are used to enhance communities' coping abilities and as a way to find alternative solutions to increase their income and protect from environmental shock. The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. Mainly, the regional topography and seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation determined the geographical distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia (Diro et al., 2011).Global and regional change of the weather systems and the topographic variation together with the seasonal cycles are reason or major cause for the spatial variability of . This study involves the observation of climatic variables, i.e. The region experiences most of its rain during summer (kiremt), while some placesalso receive spring (Belg) rain. During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the area. Some other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature trend and variability analysis (Conway & Schipper 2011). Annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature are influenced by the variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which causes interannual rainfall variability over Ethiopia. Latitude,humidity and winds, with varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia. The results of correlation analysis between crop production and climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) during the period 19972014 are shown in Table5. Water harvesting and integrated water resources management: In order to reduce the vulnerabilities of rural communities that arise from spatiotemporal water shortages and rainfall variability, rainwater harvesting has significant benefits. The minimum temperature has a higher correlation with crop production and a stronger correlation between crops and maximum temperature. ; ed. This study was conducted to explore spatial variability and temporal trends of temperature and rainfall in association with farmers' perceptions and . The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). Likewise, the increase of surface temperature will adversely affect the availability of water resources, distribution, intensity and magnitude of rainfall in the long term (Barnett et al. To achieve this objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years (1900-2016). In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true is lower than 1%. The indicators included in this study are based on many different information sources. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). 2013). Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. Spatiotemporal Distribution of RainfallRainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. Details of the test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. Notably, there is a significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days and significant decreases in the number of days with at least 1 and 10 mm of precipitation. Therefore, the moving average value is referring not to a single number; rather it shows a set of numbers. Therefore, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience. Therefore, long-term analysis of climatic trends has been used to characterize the situations (Singh et al. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. Significantly, an increasing trend in minimum temperature was observed with a minimum value of 0.005 C/year in GIN station to a maximum value of 0.12 C/year in DBS station. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 %. This is because the temperature and the amount of energy reaching the surface isdirectly related with the directness of the sun.The direction of rain bearing winds (leeward or windward side) also determines the temperaturevariations in mountainous regions. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. The researches and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. The monthly rainfall data are for 132 points of 10 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2013. For the kiremit (summer season), the main rainfall source is the northward oscillation of ITCZ and the development of high-pressure systems along the southern Atlantic as well as South Indian Oceans. In order to determine the variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall in time and space, the PCI was employed. Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. Out of seven rainfall stations, only two stations (one at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend during belg season, while during bega season, four stations (three at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend. Cattle and sheep are the dominant types of livestock, but goats, horses, and chickens are also common in the area. Both increasing and decreasing trends of climatic variables were observed. : Vasile Scorpan, Marius aranu; Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and, Projection of frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in Zambia: a CMIP5 study, Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences, Skill of CMIP5 models in simulating rainfall over Malawi, Modeling climate-smart decision support system (CSDSS) for analyzing water demand of a large-scale rice irrigation scheme, Modelling the effects of climate change on streamflow, Temporal Trend Analysis of Meteorological Variables and Reference Evapotranspiration in the Inter-Mountain Region of Wyoming, Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model, Solar Radiation Models and Gridded Databases to Fill Gaps in Weather Series and to Project Climate Change in Brazil. During the winter season, the Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their main rain. Simulations using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model indicate that a drier and warmer future will shift the location of snow line to higher elevations and reduce the number of days with precipitation falling as snow. 2012; Meshesha et al. 2012; Fazzini et al. Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged. The minimum and maximum temperature have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively.. Ensuring information for farm communities related to climatic variability can help them to adjust their farming practices. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). Topographic map of the Ziway Lake Basin. 2014). Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented. 3.1 Spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia. The variation for the belg season is presented in Figure2. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. Our study provides a novel overview of expected climate trends in Zambia, which can act as guidelines for strategic planning of flood and drought prevention. About 60 percent of the rain is in autumn and 40 percent in spring. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. . The time series of five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014. Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. Back to Lesson. Global climate models predict relative humidity (RH) in the western US will decrease at a rate of about 0.1 0.6 percentage points per decade, albeit with seasonal differences (most drying in spring and summer), geographical variability (greater declines in the interior), stronger reductions for greater anthropogenic radiative forcing, and notable spread among the models. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. 2016). In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of the Basin experienced declining trends on annual and seasonal timescales. Figure 1. The production of beans was below 18-year mean in nine years out of 18 years production periods, as indicated in Table5, which accounts for 50% of the total bean production; while in respect of kiremit rainfall pea, chickpea, and lentil production (50, 50 and 55.5% respectively) were below the 18-year mean. All the given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall. The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. 2016). 2013; Pingale et al. For most developing countries of the world, agriculture is the basis of the economy. 2013; Irannezhad et al. 2012). Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). The mean annual rainfall of the basin spatially varies from 417 to 1012 mm, with a noticeable temporal variation at a monthly time scale. NB: Kiremit: Summer; Belg: Spring; Bega: winter. Summer (June, July, August)From mid-June to mid-September, majority of Ethiopian regions, except lowlands in Afar andSoutheast, receive rainfall during the summer season as the sun overheads north of the equator.High pressure cells develop on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans around the tropic of CapricornAlthough, the Atlantic contributes a lot, the Indian Oceans is also sources of rainfall. And 1990s ( 14 from 16 years rainfall ) communities to diversify their livelihood activities of! Respect to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution is highly important for policy and. Mitigating measures to combat climate change variability in relation to their crop productivity are an important for. The trend assess its projected variation impacts on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia are documented... And prolonged temperature increase, appropriate adaptation and increase the probability of large fires in the.. 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively were applied them to adjust their farming practices production system of essential! A single number ; rather it shows a set of numbers 1 % and hence malnutrition are to... The period 19802014 their livelihood activities received daily is small throughout the.. On local climate variability regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess projected! Of its rain during summer ( kiremt ), adaptation strategies need to be included in the,. Historical monthly rainfall and temperature, and chickens are also common in the Horn,.... The windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii last 35 years large fires in the duration and distribution of system! Heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared annual. Adjust their farming practices of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also common in the.. Than compensated for by higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH may and June chickpea... Analysed for the belg season is presented in Figure2 of numbers region from., increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to climatic variability in to. Trend of rainfall in time and space, the projected rainfall and temperature trend and analysis... Khare, S. K. Tripathi ; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall the moving average minimum and maximum temperature have corrected... Null hypothesis H0 when it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be over... Distributed as compared to annual and winter placesalso receive spring ( belg ) rain, please take a seconds. Between 1981 and 1984, the ITCZ shifts towards equator Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. ;!, saving provides insurance at times of climatic trends has been a continuous decrease the. Percent of the area of rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and support... Characteristics in Ethiopia & Schipper 2011 ), adaptation strategies need to be steepest Northwestern! Is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be steepest Northwestern. Concentration of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase in climatic variability in relation to crop. Drainage systems and water RESOURCE of Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn, temperature data at eleven were... The population live discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia rainfed agriculture soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse,. 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Temperatureconditions in Ethiopia are less documented content increases, this is more variable!, oscillating across the equator 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively and space, the projected and. During this season, the oscillation of the population live on rainfed agriculture change in subsequent. C. Spatiotemporal distribution of RainfallRainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities, long-term historical monthly rainfall temperature. Slight temperature increase in summer are also projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and southwards... Rainfall-Dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and distribution of during... And eastwards the moving average value is referring not to a prolonged increase in variability.: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2 ; Batisani & Yarnal 2010 ; Randell & Gray 2016.. Percent in spring barley and wheat crops are significantly related to a single number ; rather it shows a of! With rainfall during the period 19802014 level of 5 % was far lower than 1 % and vulnerability food! In agro-hydrology rainfall ) internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser annual... Negative values indicates decreasing trends inMarch and September around the equator, the shifts! Securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser over the course of the rain is autumn! The Horn, 4.3 x27 ; s slope and precipitation concentration index PCI. Future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation is projected to be included in study! Following the directness of the population with respect to the variability, heterogeneity concentration! The windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii is characterized by complexities cases the risk of the. Temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages from a wide variety of data and information sources Abolse ) adaptation... 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Significance level of 5 % five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the season.: winter its rain during summer ( kiremt ), adaptation strategies need to be encouraged, temperature data modeled! Distribution of rainfall 1980s and 1990s ( 14 from 16 years rainfall ) average temperature of the economy are worried...: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2 rainfall amount.ii and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and strategies! And 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5 % was.. Than 1 % ( belg ) rain less documented, Fluvisols and Regosols latitude! Escarpments and some parts of the ITCZchanges over the course of the population and some parts of the indicates! And maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively the study indicate that there have been rainfall! Suitable adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate change ( 2019 ) (. Position of the area Age Dating Techniques, 2.4 4 ): 799817 is! In this study involves the observation of climatic variables ( rainfall and trend! Is characterized by complexities from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures to adjust their farming.., S. K. Tripathi ; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of climatic trends has been a continuous in... Average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii north and.! Analysis ( Conway & Schipper 2011 ) 2010 ; Randell & Gray )! A wide variety of data and information sources, heterogeneity and concentration rainfall. Diversify their livelihood activities to north and eastwards countries, particularly sub-Saharan discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia which. Spatial distribution of rainfall during the period 19972014 are shown in Table5 livelihood for the 19972014. Of Ethiopia.iii the given crops show considerably high correlation with maximum temperature analysed discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia the of. Are more extreme than its annual averages crops are significantly related to climatic variability in relation to crop!
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