The resulting division was as shown below. The report noted the refugee population included Syrians, (an estimated 85 percent), Yemenis, Congolese, Ivoirians, Palestinians, Malians, Central Africans, and other nationalities. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. The DGAPR maintained different categories of prisons that separated prisoners according to the lengths of their sentences. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. Exploiters of child labor used methods allegedly learned via the internet to increase their mistreatment of children. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. The government granted such authorization to students and persons with special family circumstances. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. Falling under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, the agency has exclusive authority for monitoring all electronic surveillance activities, but the decree did not provide details regarding the limits of surveillance authority or corresponding protections for persons subject to surveillance. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. With this summons, police may hold a suspect for no more than 48 hours. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. The Ministry of Justice said the agency was subject to all existing judicial controls that apply to law enforcement agencies. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. The Polisario (through the Sahrawi Red Crescent Society), UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, and partner NGOs provided basic services including food aid, primary health care, and primary and secondary education, while the government invested heavily in developing the camps infrastructure and also provided free secondary and university educations, as well as advanced hospital care, to Sahrawi refugees. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. Press outlets report taking extra caution before publishing articles critical of the government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP. The departments were subdivided
Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. note: data are in current year dollars$42.347 billion (2020 est.) They were
Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. )beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The ministry also issues and renews accreditation of foreign correspondents reporting in the country. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. 1983-12-15: Thirty-one departments re-organized to form 48 provinces (as shown in the first table). Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. In these cases, authorities permit the arrested person to contact a lawyer after half of the extended time has expired. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. Physical Conditions: There were no major concerns regarding physical conditions in the countrys 48 prisons and detention centers. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. The provinces are subdivided into 160 dayrat (sub-prefectures), and further into 1,541 municipalities. NGOs reported that judges gave harsher sentences to LGBTI persons. 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. For example, some migrant parents allowed their children to be used by organized begging networks, and some families encouraged children to work in the informal sector. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. At the end of the period of detention, the detainee has the right to request a medical examination by a physician of choice within the jurisdiction of the court. The government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did not have access to public television and radio. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.). More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. Local elections took place in November 2021. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. were ill-defined. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 990,299 tons (2013 est. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. made the national language. Touggourt. Several members were arrested on September 13 in Bejaia, including the leader of political party Jil Jadid, Soufiane Djilali. Since the outbreak of violence in northern Mali in 2012, international observers reported an influx of individuals into Algeria across the Malian border inconsistent with traditional migratory movements. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. If mediation does not lead to an agreement, workers may strike legally after they vote by secret ballot to do so. Exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters ( 2019 est. and Post, Technology... 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